| Responsible Department | Department for Small Animal Clinical Sciences
80 % Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences 20 % | ||||||||||||
| Earliest Possible Year | MSc. 1 year | ||||||||||||
| Duration | One block | ||||||||||||
| Credits | 7.5 (ECTS) | ||||||||||||
| Level of Course | MSc | ||||||||||||
| Examination | Final Examination written examination Written Exam in Lecturehall All aids allowed Description of Examination: 4 hours exam. Questions will cover radiation safety and radiobiology. In addition questions may cover the modalities X-ray imaging (radiology), ultrasound, CT, MRI and scintigraphy. Questions on all modalities will evaluate an understanding of the underlying imaging principles and on x-ray and ultrasound imaging will test understanding and skills required to evaluate clinical images is small and large animals. pass/fail, internal examiner | ||||||||||||
| Requirement for Attending Exam | 80% participation is each rotation (introductory week included). | ||||||||||||
| Organisation of Teaching | 1 Week Introduction 2 weeks basic radiography including radiation safety and radiobiology2 weeks clinical rotation to include small and large animal radiology, ultrasound, CT and MRI. | ||||||||||||
| Block Placement | Block 3 Week Structure: Outside schedule, Year 1 Block 4 Week Structure: Outside schedule, Year 1 Block 1 Week Structure: Outside schedule, Year 2 Block 2 Week Structure: Outside schedule, Year 2 Course schedule: 8:30 - 14:30 (introductory week 13.00 - 17.00) | ||||||||||||
| Language of Instruction | English | ||||||||||||
| Optional Prerequisites | Veterinary Bachelor Degree | ||||||||||||
| Restrictions | Ingen. Forbeholdt veterinærstuderende. | ||||||||||||
| Course Content | |||||||||||||
| Basis of conventional radiographic imaging· Production of x-rays· The x-ray spectrum· Manipulation of the spectrum of x-rays emitted from diagnostic x-ray tubes· Interaction of x-rays with matter· Compton and photoelectric effects· Concepts of radiographic density· Causes of poor image contrast with emphasis on scattered radiation.· Image sharpness· Radiographic image detectorsBasic radiography· Production of optimal radiographic images.· Positioning and technical aspects relating to correct positioning and exposure for standard views of the skeleton, thorax and abdomen in veterinary species.· The use of appropriate radiographic terminology.Radiographic anatomy/topographic anatomy:· The common anatomical features within various body regions including the head, neck, thoracic and pelvic limbs, the thorax and abdomen, that are of relevance for the interpretation of diagnostic images produced by the range of modern imaging modalities. Special focus will be put on images from the dog, cat and horse. Radiation safety and radiation biology· The nature of x-rays as an ionizing radiation, the effect of these radiations on biological tissue, and the relation between tissue dose and biological effect. Examples of tissue effects based on dose response. · The legal requirements in relation to work related exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation as a result of imaging and therapeutic uses of these radiations. Dose limits and the "ALARA" (As Low As Reasonable Achievable) principal.· The appropriate radiation safety steps, with practical examples relating to work practice and work place infrastructure, based on Danish legislation in this area. Ultrasound MRI, CT, and ScintigraphyPhysical basis of the various modalities:Ultrasound imaging:· Nature of ultrasound beams· Effect of insonation frequency on image quality· Physical basis for tissue echogenesity· Brightness mode imaging· Doppler imaging· Concept of cross sectional imaging· Examples of clinical applicationsComputer tomography:· Cross sectional and planar reconstruction · The CT number, linear attenuation coefficients for x-rays and the Hounsfield Unit.· Digital image windowing, window width and centre.· Examples of clinical applicationsScintigraphy:· Radioisotopes with emphasis on 99Tcm· Radiopharmaceuticals · Examples of clinical applicationsMagnetic resonance imaging:· Hydrogen as a magnetic dipole· Magnetic gradients· Radiofrequency coils· Relaxation properties of tissues· Basis of image generation· Examples of clinical applications | |||||||||||||
| Teaching and learning Methods | |||||||||||||
| Undervisningsform: Lectures to activate the student's prior and to present overviews of specific topics and to introduce the rotations. Introductory week 5 sessions 13.00 - 17.00Monday: Introduction and principles of diagnostic imagingTuesday: Radiation safety and radiobiologyWednesday: Basic radiologyThursday: Radiographic anatomyFriday: Ultrasound, CT, MRI and scintigraphyIntroduktionsuge 5 moduler fra kl. 13:00 - 17:00:Mandag: Introduktion og Principper for BilleddiagnostikTirsdag: Helsefysik og strplehygiejneOnsdag: Basal radiologyTorsdag: Radiografisk anatomiFredag: Ultralyd, CT, MRI og scintigrafi4 weeks activities (08.30 to 14.30)2 weeks of practicals to cover basic radiography including radiation safety and radiobiology2 weeks of clinical rotations to include small and large animal radiology, ultrasound, CT and MRI.Supervised work including e-learning and guided cases in order to facilitate the students' learning of the methodology and principles of diagnostic imaging. | |||||||||||||
| Learning Outcome | |||||||||||||
| Knowledge: ·Be able to comment on the suitability of various imaging modalities in response to selected clinical scenarios. ·Comment on the risk associated with radiographic practice and relate them to commonly encountered, non-radiological risks. ·Identify features indicating correct patient restraint, positioning, beam collimation and focusing in standard radiographic views, and comment on digital image or film processing as appropriate. ·Recognise images produced by each of the methods, scintigraphy, CT, MRI. Skills: ·Be able to produce a selection of common radiographic projections in a safe manner from canine, feline and equine patients. ·List the radiographic changes that are commonly encountered in common diseases in dogs, cats and horses. ·Speculate on the changes one might expect to encounter given various disease scenarios. ·Identify abnormal radiographic findings on radiographic images in selected cases. ·Demonstrate a methodical approach to image evaluation. ·Recognize and find normal abdominal and thoracic structures commonly encountered in ultrasound examinations Competencies: ·Behave in accordance with the legislation (Bekendtgørelse om røntgendiagnostik anlæg til veterinært brug. Nr. 494 af 12. september 1977 & Bekendtgørelse om ændringer af bekendtgørelse om røntgendisgnostik anlæg til veterinært brug. Nr. 1089 af september 2007). ·Perform a standard radiological examination. ·Choose the appropriate imaging modality for common clinical presentations. .Demonstrate a methodical approch to image evaluation of radiographs, CT and ultrasound. | |||||||||||||
| Course Literature | |||||||||||||
| · Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology 5. ed. 2007 (Editor: Thrall) ISBN 978-1-4160-2615-0· Bekendtgørelse om røntgendiagnostik anlæg til veterinært brug. Nr. 494 af 12. september 1977.· Bekendtgørelse om ændringer af bekendtgørelse om røntgendisgnostik anlæg til veterinært brug. Nr. 1089 af september 2007. | |||||||||||||
| Course Coordinator | |||||||||||||
| Eiliv Lars Svalastoga, es@life.ku.dk, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences/Imageing, Phone: 353-32936 Poul Hyttel, poh@life.ku.dk, Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences/Anatomy & Cell Biology, Phone: 353-32541 | |||||||||||||
| Study Board | |||||||||||||
| Study Committee V | |||||||||||||
| Work Load | |||||||||||||
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